Gardeners Guide. Deer Resistent ...
Gardeners Guide. Deer Resistent Plants, permaculture
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This booklet was prepared by the California Department of Fish and Game’s
Wildlife Programs Branch, with assistance from the Minnesota Department of
Natural Resources, Farmland Wildlife Resource Unit.
Principal Authors:
Bob Coey and Kenneth Mayer
Layout and Graphic Design:
Lorna Bernard
Plant Illustrations:
Bob Hare
Deer Illustrations:
Paul B. Johnson
THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
Arnold Schwarzenegger, Governor
RESOURCES AGENCY
Mike Chrisman, Secretary for Resources
DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME
L. Ryan Broddrick, Director
FRONT COVER:
Mule deer buck, Auburn, California.
Photo by Peggy Mattison.
A Gardener’s Guide to Preventing Deer Damage
1
2
A Gardener’s Guide to Preventing Deer Damage
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 4
“DEER-RESISTANT” PLANTS .............................................. 5
AQUATIC PLANT .................................................................5
CROP/ORCHARD PLANTS ...............................................5
GRASSES/FORBS .................................................................6
SHRUBS .................................................................................9
TREES .................................................................................. 12
DEER REPELLENTS ............................................................ 15
FENCING APPLICATIONS ................................................ 16
HIGH-TENSILE WIRE FENCE ......................................... 16
ELECTRIFIED HIGH-TENSILE WIRE FENCE ............... 16
MODIFIED ELECTRIC HIGH-TENSILE
WIRE FENCE ................................................................. 17
SQUARE-MESH WOVEN-WIRE GAME FENCE ........... 17
V-MESH FENCE .................................................................. 17
CONSTRUCTION ............................................................. 18
REFERENCES ...................................................................... 19
FENCE CONSTRUCTION DIAGRAMS ........................... 20
A Gardener’s Guide to Preventing Deer Damage
3
INTRODUCTION
Part of the appeal of living in rural or semi-rural California is the ability to watch
wildlife in your own back yard. Deer are especially fascinating to observe, but many
homeowners are dismayed to discover that deer can be very destructive to gardens.
In some areas the damage can be seasonal, peaking in the winter when food sources
for deer are at their lowest. Other areas, where deer habitat is heavily affected by
residential development, may experience problems year-round. Drought, wildfires,
livestock grazing and other habitat-altering events also play a role because they affect
food sources for deer.
Rural dwellers frequently ask the California Department of Fish and Game how to
minimize landscape damage caused by hungry deer. This booklet details three
methods:
- the use of landscape plants that deer don’t seem to like;
- application of commercial deer repellents;
- construction of deer-proof fencing.
All of the techniques are considered harmless to deer and other wild and domestic
animals.
4
A Gardener’s Guide to Preventing Deer Damage
"DEER-RESISTANT" PLANTS
Deer are attracted to many popular
garden and landscape plants but avoid
others. The following list of deer-
resistant plants should be considered a
guide rather than the final word.
Certain plants may not suffer deer
damage in some gardens and landscapes,
yet might be completely destroyed in
others. This is due in part to the
availability of natural food sources and
the taste preferences of individual deer.
If there is a severe shortage of natural
deer browse, deer-resistant landscape
plants may suffer damage.
tendency to escape. Alternatively, native
plants are better-adapted to the local
climate than their exotic counterparts,
and should be considered first in
landscape planning.
Both native and introduced plants are
listed in this booklet. The designation
“some native” means some subspecies of
the plant are native to California.
Always consult a local nursery to select
species which best fit your needs and
your local climate. The Department of
Fish and Game encourages use of native
plant species where feasible. For
example, most native perennial bunch-
grasses would be suitable candidates for
deer-resistant landscaping as well as being
drought-resistant.
Some of the plants listed are, in addition
to being deer-resistant, considered
noxious weeds. For example, bamboo is
a pervasive grower and can become a
significant problem because of its
AQUATIC PLANT
Bamboo
(noxious)
Bamboo
CROP/ORCHARD PLANTS
Asparagus falcatus
Sickle-thorn asparagus
Helianthus spp.
(some native)
Sunflower
Clivia miniata
Kaffir lily
Leptospermum sp.
Tea tree
Diospyros virginiana
Persimmon
Olea europaea
Olive
Ficus sp.
Fig
Punica granatum ‘Nana’
Pomegranate
Gymnocladus dioica
Kentucky coffee tree
Rhubarb sp.
(poisonous to livestock and humans)
Rhubarb
A Gardener’s Guide to Preventing Deer Damage
5
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]