Gene - Fishes
Gene - Fishes, Fizjo ryby
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//-->Gene S. HelfmanBruce B. ColletteDouglas E. FaceyBrian W. BowenSecond EditionTHE DIVERSITYOF FISHESBiology, Evolution, and EcologyA John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., PublicationTHE DIVERSITYOF FISHESDedications:To our parents, for their encouragement of our nascent interest in things biological;To our wives – Judy, Sara, Janice, and RuthEllen – for their patience and understanding during the production of this volume;And to students and lovers of fishes for their efforts toward preserving biodiversity for future generations.Front cover photo:A Leafy Sea Dragon,Phycodurus eques,South Australia. Well camouflaged in their natural, heavily vegetated habitat, Leafy Sea Dragons are closely related toseahorses (Gasterosteiformes: Syngnathidae). “Leafies” are protected by Australian and international law because of their limited distribution, rarity, andpopularity in the aquarium trade. Legal collection is highly regulated, limited to one “pregnant” male per year. See Chapters 15, 21, and 26. Photo by D. Hall,www.seaphotos.com.Back cover photos (from top to bottom):A school of Blackfin Barracuda,Sphyraena qenie(Perciformes, Sphyraenidae). Most of the 21 species of barracuda occur in schools, highlighting the observationthat predatory as well as prey fishes form aggregations (Chapters 19, 20, 22). Blackfins grow to about 1 m length, display the silvery coloration typical of watercolumn dwellers, and are frequently encountered by divers around Indo-Pacific reefs. Barracudas are fast-start predators (Chapter 8), and the pan-tropical GreatBarracuda,Sphyraena barracuda,frequently causes ciguatera fish poisoning among humans (Chapter 25).Longhorn Cowfish,Lactoria cornuta(Tetraodontiformes: Ostraciidae), Papua New Guinea. Slow moving and seemingly awkwardly shaped, the pattern of flattened,curved, and angular trunk areas made possible by the rigid dermal covering provides remarkable lift and stability (Chapter 8).A Silvertip Shark,Carcharhinus albimarginatus(Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae), with a Sharksucker (Echeneisnaucrates,Perciformes: Echeneidae) attached.This symbiotic relationship between an elasmobranch (Chapter 12) and an advanced acanthopterygian teleost (Chapter 15) probably benefits both, the Sharksuckerscavenging scraps from the shark’s meals and in turn picking parasitic copepods off the shark. Remoras also attach to whales, turtles, billfishes, rays, and anoccasional diver. Remoras generate sufficient suction to hang on even at high speeds via a highly modified first dorsal fin.A recently discovered 10 cm long Indonesian antennariid, nicknamed the Psychedelic Frogfish (Lophiiformes: Antennariidae) (Chapters 14, 18). Among its atypicaltraits are its shallow water habitat, a lack of an illicial lure, jet propulsion, and a bouncing method of movement, and its practice of hiding in holes, not to mentionthe spectacular head and body coloration.A mating pair of Mandarinfish,Synchiropus splendidus(Perciformes: Callionymidae), Indonesia. These small (6 cm), secretive dragonets live among coralbranches or rubble, and usually emerge just after sunset to mate. Recently extruded eggs can be seen just below the pair.Lionfish,Pterois volitans(Scorpaeniformes: Pteroidae), are native to the Indo-Pacific region. They have been introduced along the southeastern coast of the USAand the Bahamas, apparently due to aquarium releases. In their native habitats they seldom reach high densities but have undergone a population explosion onBahamian reefs. Atlantic reef fishes are naive to lionfish predatory tactics, and predation rates by lionfish are high.Photos by D. Hall, www.seaphotos.com.Gene S. HelfmanBruce B. ColletteDouglas E. FaceyBrian W. BowenSecond EditionTHE DIVERSITYOF FISHESBiology, Evolution, and EcologyA John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
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